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\?VEST & LEE, 

WORCESTER, MASS. 






1873 ^, ^] 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1873, by West & Lee , 
Worcester, Mass., in the oflace of the Librarian of 
Congress, Washington, D. C. ^ 



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.C3YV5' 

1213 



SNOVi BROTKERSj, PRmTEHS. 



CHIVALRIE. 



INTRODUCTION. 



In presenting to the public this elegant amuse- 
ment, it is not with the slightest desire to detract 
from the well deserved success of the popular, 
healthful and interesting game of Croquet, but to 
present a new and far more beautiful game — 
Croquet came as an outdoor sport for ladies, misses, 
and even little children, for rich and poor, strong 
and weak, and as it was readily learned and at- 
tractive to all, it has won for itself a wide reputa- 
tion, and upon its introduction to American Society, 
an almost universal welcome. While m^^n and boys 
have at all times had abundant opportunity for out- 
door recreation, ladies have mostly been restricted 
to the less exhilirating pastimes of indoor life, or if 
they ventured out their participation was generally 
the unsatisfactory one of lookers on. To the ladies, 
then, came Croquet as an outdoor s.port in which all 
might engage. 

We shall endeavor in this, our Manual, to make 
Chivalrie clear to every understanding, that none 
may fail to become proficient in a mode of amuse- 
ment which cannot fail to be a source of health 
and happiness. Believing that a game combininu: 
all the healthful exercise of Croquet, with a new 
and much more attractive method of playing, still 
remaining simple and ea<<ily learned, will be at once 
received into favor, without further introduction 
we present *' Chivalrie.'' 

WEST & LEE, 

Worcester, Mass. 



TEOHNIOAL TERMS DEFINED. 



Attacking : Playing at the ball of an enemy. 

Accoste: To strike one's own ball when in con- 
tact with another either to assist a companion or 
worry the opposing forces. 

Bastiles: The fortresses occupying the upper 
right and left of the field •, and distinguished by Ban- 
ner with Black ground. 

Benet: A ball that has failed in first stroke in 
passing Porte. 

Castels: Those having numbered copartments 
placed at upper end and on two sides of the field, 
the centre points being directly opposite to and 
upon line with centre point of Throne, and named 
respectively Castel Droit, or Right Castle; Castel 
Haute, or Upper Castle; Castel Gauche, or Left 
Castle. 

Copartments: The numbered half circle aper- 
tures in Throne and Castels. 

Counting : Numbered dials with pointers accom- 
pany the Counting Stand. 

Double En Thronement: To pass beneath Porte, 
or Garde to Throne, or from Castel to Throne by 
one direct stroke and thus form a Double Score. 

Double En Castlement : To pass beneath Porte or 
Garde to Castel, or from Throne to Castel by one 
Direct Stroke. 

Direct Stroke : Passing by one stroke of the mal- 



CHIVALRIE. 9 

let, beneath Porte or Garde, or from Castei to 
Throne or vice versa, and securing position. 

Double Score : To count twice the original value 
of the copartment in which the ball finds position. 

Dead Ball : One that has taken an Out Stroke. 

En Thronement: A ball taking position in any 
copartment of Throne, entitled to score the number 
of such copartment entered. 

En Castlement : A ball taking position in any 
copartment of any Castle and entitled to such score. 

En Sortie : The position in which the balls are 
first placed. The starting point. 

En Bastile : A ball holding position in any one 
of the Bastiles. 

Flinch: When a ball with which a player is 
about to Accoste slips from beneath the foot. 

Field : The space that would be enclosed were 
boundary lines run parallel with, and back of Sortie 
and Castles. 

Garde : The Arch and Portcullis occupying posi- 
tion between the upper Castle and Throne. 

In Position : A ball resting before Porte, Garde, 
or any copartment of Throne or Castle. 

Kings: Those players who having passed the 
routine of the field and Encastled for the last time 
become by virtue of supremacy Kings. 

Knights. 

Ladies or Maids of Honor : Those chosen by the 
Knights as companion piayers, to assist them, and 
designated by color of band upon ball. 

Match : A certain number of games or points to 
be played for. 



10 CHIYALRIE. 

Oat Stroke : The stroke by which a player is put 
out in beinii: driven through Porte after becoming 
king. 

Out of Position : A ball so situated in the field 
that it can neither Eu Throne, En Castle, or pass 
Garde or Porte. 

Porte: The Arch and Portcullis placed directly 
opposite and between Sortie and Throne. 

Perdue : A ball struck beyond the boundaries of 
the Field. 

Queens : Those Ladies or Maids of Honor who 
having passed the routine of the field and Eneas - 
tied f(»r the last time become by virtue of supre- 
macy Queens. 

Sortie: An Heraldic Shield, a diamond at its 
upper centre, showinir where the ball is to be 
placed for the first stroke. 

Throne: Piece having eight copartments. Its 
position being in direct centre of Field. 

Tournament : The best of three matches. 



IMPLEMENTS. 



TnKSE consist of 4 or 6 balls, an equal number of 
Mallets, Throne, three Castles, Sortie, Porte, Garde 
and two Bastiles. Great attention is paid to the 
material, size, shape and proportion of these, all 
(excepting mallet and balls) being of metal, the 
whole light and pleasing in appearance. When it 
is considered how much real enjoyment and health- 



CHIVALHIE. 11 

ful exercise can be derived from a collection of 
such simple articles, and that in many instances 
they protect from evil influences, by keeping the 
members In the household ranks, we can but look 
for a general adoption of this elegant amusement. 

BALLS. 
Are turned in an exact spherical form, corre- 
sponding to those used in Croquet, but classed 
however in a different order as follows : 

1. Black. 3. Blue. 5. Gold. 

2 Brown. 4, Purple. 6. Scarlet. 

It is also customary to paint some portion of the 
mallet to correspond with th^m, and it is a very 
great advantage, as it assists the memory to con- 
nect them with their respective balls. 

MALLET. 

The material of which the head is made is the 
sarne as that of the balls, their weight being in 
exact proportion to those with which they are to be 
used, so that they will yield freely to the blow 
given by the player. 

The handle is straight grained, well seasoned 
lancewood, about three feet in length, is turned 
smooth, and nicely polished. 

SORTIE. 

An Heraldic Shield placed at lower end of field 
giving position to the balls in opening the game. 

PORTE AND GARDE. 
The position of Porte is directly in front of Sortie , 
about half way between Sortie and Throne. 



12 CmVALRIE. 

The position of Garde is half way between upper 
castle and throne. 

THRONE. 

The piece occupying place in centre of field with 
numbered copartments to receive the balls. The 
copartment numbered eight, should be on a direct 
line with centre point in Sortie. 

CASTELS. 
There are three, known respectively as Castel 
Droit or Right Castle, Castel Haut or Upper Castle, 
Castel Gauche or Left Castle, and occupy those 
respective positions, each with its centre point so 
placed with reference to throne that a line drawn 
from the centre point of upper castle passes directly 
through the centre of upper copartment of throne, 
the centre and lower copartment of same and be 
on a direct line with centre point in Sortie. The 
right and left castles should also be as accurately 

placed. 

BASTILES. 

There are two of these having but a single apart- 
ment, of the same material as throne and are placed 
directly opposite, a little outside of a line drawn 
directly from centre of right and left castle to centre 
of upper castle and on each side of Garde, with the 
opening in each directed toward the point of throne 
to the right and left respectively of centre copart- 
ment in it. 

CASE. 

To keep the implements in nice order, a case in 
which to place them is necessary, and always accom" 
panics the game. 



OHIVALRIE. 13 

GENEEAL DIREOTIONS POE PLAYING. 



The game can be played by two four or six per- 
sons. Four however, make a better game, and if 
there are but two, one of great skill can be played. 
In the absence of a regularly chosen umpire, the lead- 
ers will act as such, and have a general supervision ; 
their decision being final in all disputed cases. The 
Knights are first chosen, who then proceed to select 
their companion Maids of Honor, If the players 
are not evenly matched, points may be given either 
to individual players, or the whole side. The 
choice of color, balls, &c., is not arbitrary. The 
Knight who from position En Sortie, drives his ball 
ihe nearest to Enthronement at eight, selects his 
companion Maid of Honor first, and also has prece- 
dence in playing. 

HOW TO HOLD THE MALLET. 

So much has been said upon this point in manuals 
upon Croquet, we deem it unnecessary to add more, 
as each player will be governed by their individual 
peculiarities. 

HOW TO STAND. " 

The requisites of a correct position, are a firm 
footing, the body in an easy position for striking, a 
good sight of the line of projection. The position 
of the body determines in a great measure the suc- 
cess of a player. 

WHAT IT IS TO BE BENET? 
When a player fails in his attempt to pass his ball 



14 CHIVALRIE. 

through Porie, the ball becomes Benet, and is 
placed near Sortie to wait the player's next turn. 

HOW TO STRIKE. 
Having a satisfactory poise, the next thing is to 
deliver the stroke, but first you must determine 
where to strike your ball. To drive a l)all ia the 
direction of a line parallel with tliat from the toe of 
your right ooot, to the toe of the left, the mallet 
must strike fairly upon the centre of the ball, or ou 
aline passing ihrough the mallet head and centre of 
the ball. Having this rightly understood, swing back 
the mallet with an easy action of the wrist — moving 
the arm as little as compatible with freedom, and let 
fall upon the ball at the point indicated. The mallet 
should be allowed to fall by its own weight, rather 
than by any muscularly impaited impetus, as that has 
a tendency to impair the steadiness of the stroke. A 
very common cause of failure, is the twisting of the 
mallet head to one side just as the stroke is given, the 
remedy is : Hold the mallet tight. Let the wrist 
play as loose as you like, but the hand must keep a 
firm grip of the mallet, a loose grasp is not only a fer- 
tile source of erratic play, but fatal to accurate strik- 
ing. 

ACCOSTE. 

This is very simple, exactly as the Croquet is given 
in that game. The player has only to acquire the not 
difficult art of hitting the ball, and the ball only, and 
all is learned that is necessary, and is done as follows : 
When a ball has hit another ball, that is. Accosted it, 
the player lays his own ball against the other so that 
it touches it, the player then places his foot on his 



CHIVALRIE. 15 

own ball, and strikes with the mallet. The effect of 
this will be to drive the other ball in anj^ direction 
the player may choose, which of course wall be 
g )vernod by whether the ball thus Accosted belongs 
to a player on his own side or on that of the opposing 
force. A friend can thus by an Accoste send a part- 
ner through either Porte or Garde, into a copartment, 
or drive an enemy who has obtained a good position, 
exactly in the opposite direction to that in which 
he wishes to travel, or force such ball into a Bas- 
tile. In order however to make this effective, great 
care must be taken in which way the ball is 
driven. Many thoughtless players think nothing 
of driving a foe close to a friend, or in the hope 
of assisting their side, send a friend into the immediate 
neighborhood of a foe, thus improving the position of 
the adverse side and damaging that of their own. 
The difference a few thoughtful players make to a 
side is wonderful. Whilst others hit their balls about 
without ever thinking that at his next turn a foe will 
probably Accoste them, the careful players antici- 
pating the positions of the other balls, place them- 
s«^lves in a position from which when their next turn 
comes they can either go j>ast Porte or Garde, or Ac- 
coste the ball of a more careless player. 

WHAT IS IT TO BE KING? 

When a player has g'>ne the rounds and Encastled 
twice in the left Castle, (in regular routine of the 
game,) he may either pass Porte and retire, or not do 
so and be a King with the privilege of traveling 
over the ground to assist players on his own side, or 
damage the prospects of those on the other. Thus it 



1 6 CHIVALRIE. 

will be seen that a good King is of the greatest 
service to the side, and that the sooner he is placed 
hors de combat, the better for the other side. The 
players on the other side should therefore do all they 
can to make such a ball pass Porte by Accosting 
it if possible, as the best player being dead and un- 
able to render farther assistance, the game often goes 
against that side. 



FIELD OR aROUND. 



Any piece of grass land of moderate, size will 
answer the purpose, but the nature of a game re- 
quiring so much accuracy of aim, will suggest that 
the more smooth, and level the ground, the better 
adapted it is to the purpose. In shape, it should be 
oblong, as many feet in length, and in width, as 
possible. The boundaries of the field are always 
determined by a line running parallel to, and about 
two feet back of Castles and Sortie. 



AEEANGEMENT OF SORTIE, PORTE, THRONE, 
OASTLES, GARDE AND BASTILES. 

(See diagram.) 



First place the Throne in centre of field. 

Now with a line passing through figures one and 
eight, place Sortie and upper Castle at the farthest 
limit your ground will admit of. In the same man- 
ner place right and left Castles, by a line passing 
through figures seven and two of Throne, one Cas- 



CHIVALRIE. 17 

tie to right and one to left of Throne. Divide the 
distance between Throne and Sortie, and place Porte 
with its centre directly on the line you have before 
drawn. In the same manner place Garde, between 
upper Castle and Throne, observing the same pro- 
portion of distance. 

The centre opening in all Castles must open upon 
one directly opposite in Throne. The centre point 
in Sortie when placed, should point directly to cen- 
tre of section numbered 8 in Throne. The Castles 
can be placed at any desired curve, but section 
numbered 5 will open directly upon section num- 
bered 7. Sections numbered 1 and 2 of Throne and 
the other two sections in Castles, i. e., 3, 3, can be 
placed at a greater or less curve. They are set in 
the same manner as the Throne. 

The Bastiles are single copartments and are placed 
one at each upper corner of field half way bfitween 
the Castles, but a little outside of a direct line 
drawn from right to upper Castle and from left to 
upper Castle. 



THE GAME OOMMENOES. 



The Black or Brown Knight, as the case may be, 
endeavors by striking his ball with mallet, to drive 
it under the arch Porte, and reach the centre point 
of Throne, which succeeding in doing by a direct 
stroke would entitle him to a double score of eight, 
i. e. sixteen ; with a mallet length, he then strives 
to En Castle at the right, succeeding in which, he 



18 CHIVALRIE. 

doubles the score of place of Encastlement, and 
with another mallet length endeavors to again En- 
throne, succeeding in which, by direct stroke, he 
scores double the value of copartment entered, and 
with a mallec length, strives again for Castle, when 
if an Encastlement should be made, another double 
score, and a mallet length in direction of Garde to 
upper Castle, thence to Throne, thence to left Cas- 
tle and return to Throne, again to left Castle, when 
he becomes King and can either Enthrone put- 
ting himself out of the game, or strive to harrass 
the enemy, or assist his party. As soon however as 
he should miss passing Porte, Enthroning, Encas- 
tling or going through Garde, either playing up the 
field or on return, his play is over until it becomes 
his turn again. Thus if he sends his ball through 
Porte, and it rests between it and Throne, he is 
entitled to another stroke by passing Porte, but 
should he Enthrone at that stroke, only the value of 
the copartment of Throne entered could be scored ; 
should he not Enthrone, the opposing Knight then 
plays, and when it is the turn of the first again to 
play, he is not privileged to Enthrone, till he shall 
have first Encastled. If however, he does not pass 
Porte, he is then Benet and must replace his ball 
En Sortie, and wait till all the others have played, 
before he is allowed to try again. The opposite 
Knight playing, and the others in their respective 
orders, blue, gold, scarlet and purple. 

To sum up briefly, the game consists of the great- 
est number of points that can be gained in passing 
from Soa'tie to right Castle, (if no Enthronement is 



CHIVALEIE. 19 

made by two strokes from Sortie,) thence to Throne, 
return to right Castle, thence to upper Castle, re- 
turn through Garde to Throne, thence to left Castle, 
thence to Throne, and returning to left Castle be- 
come King. It will thus be seen that it i- of import- 
ance to make the score great as possible, by selecting 
those copartments of highest count, and by as many 
direct strokes as possible. The player who reaches 
the upper Castle first has advantage for a time, as 
in returning he will meet the other players, and be 
enabled to Accoste and considerably impede their 
progress. The one making or having the greatest 
score at last Eulhronement of last player, wins the 
game, or a certain number of points may be played 
for, without reference to the field. 

NOTG — Oae great advantage over other games of this character. 



KULES AND REGULATIONS. 



THE FIRST PLAYERS. 

1. Two of the party are chosen as Knights. These 
two make a trial of skill in driving their balls from 
Sortie to centre copartment of Throne. The one 
whose ball is driven nearest it, has first choice of 
Companion Maid of Honor, and commences the game 
and plays until his ball misses passing Porte, Enthron- 
ing or Encastleing, when the leader of the other side 
takes his turn. 

ORDER OF SrOOEEDING PLATERS. 

2. The players on each side are to play alternately 



20 CmVALEIE. 

according to their order of rank, and in which they 
are chosen — Black, Brown, Blue, Gold, Purple and 
Scarlet — and in which they play unchanged during 
the game. 

3. A player continues to play until he fails in an 
attempt to pass Porte, Encastle, Enthrone or pass 
Garde. Or when Encastled or Enthroned, he volun- 
tarily relinquishes his play, preferring to remain out 
of danger in his place of Enthronement or Encastle- 
ment. 

FIRST POSITIOX OF BALL — EX SORTIE. 

4. On commencing, the players must place their 
ball En Sortie, in their order of succession. 

STRIKING THE BALL. 

5. The first stroke must be to pass the ball beneath 
Porte. 

6. The ball must be struck with one of the faces 
of the mallet head, never with its side. 

7. The ball must be fairly struck and never pushed. 
A ball is considered as fairly struck when the sound 
of the stroke is heard, and pushed, when the ball is 
propelled without the mallet being drawn back. 

8. If a ball be struck otherwise than with the face 
of the mallet, if it be pushed or if in striking at his 
own ball a player hits another, it is a foul stroke, and 
the player looses his turn, and any balls disturbed 
shall be replaced or suffered to remain at the option 
of the other side. 

0. A player may play in any attitude, and use his 
mallet with his hands in any way he pleases, provided 
ihe ball is struck with the face of the mallet. 

10. If in making a strike a ball is driven beyond 



CHIVALRIE. 21 

the limits of the field, it may be taken up and placed 
at the point where it crossed the boundary line. 

11. When the ball is by accident driven from its 
resting place, it is to be returned to the spot from 
which it was started. 

12. In lieu of aiming at Throne, Castle, Porte, 
Garde or Bastile, or at another ball, a player may 
strike his ball towards any part of the ground he 
pleases. 

PORTE AND GARDE. 

13. The balls must pass through these in their reg- 
ular order. If a ball passes Porte or Garde, and En- 
thrones or Encastlev<5, such Enthronement or Encastle- 
ment is of no account, and he has no privilege above 
a regular miss. If however, he should in his blunder 
enter a Bastile, the rules governing that are the same 
as if forcibly put in by an enemy. 

14. If a player with one stroke drives his ball be- 
neath Porte or Garde, he continues his course as 
stated in rule 3, and should he at th'S stroke make the 
passage and an Enthronement or Encastlement, would 
be entitled to double the score of copartment entered. 

15. If a ball is struck through Porte or Garde by a 
blow from another ball, or, is by friend or foe Accosted 
beneath either, it is considered the same as if its own 
player had made the stroke. 

10. Any player at first stroke missing Porte, be- 
comes Benet, takes his ball up, and when it is his turn 
again to play, places it En Sortie as at first. 

17. If by direct stroke a ball passes beneath Porte 
and Enthrones, its player scores double the value of 
place of Enthronement, but if one stroke is given to 



22 CHIVALRIE. 

pass Porte, and another to Enthrone, only the plain 
value of the copartment is allowed. 

18. If in two strokes from Sortie, the player doe^:? 
not Enthrone, he must go to the right Castle, before 
permitted to again strive for Throne. 

19. A ball has fairly passed Porte or Garde, when 
it passes within and beyond it to any extent, so that 
if a mallet handle is laid across the outside of both 
points of arch, the ball will not touch the handle. 

20. When a ball enters any copartment of Throne, 
Castle or Bastile, with such force as to strike the 
back plate of such copartment and returns into the 
field it shall be considered the same as though it had 
retained its position in such copartment. 

N. B. — This rule holds good in all cases unless laid aside by especial agree- 
ment at the opening of the game, 

21. A ball is considered Enthroned when more than 
half its diameter is within the outer points of the co- 
partment. 

22. A direct stroke from Sortie or Castles to an En- 
thronement, scores double the value of copartment 
entered. 

THE THRONE. 

23. A ball, upoH its play, securing position in any 
copartment of Throne is equivalent in its privileges 
of playing, same as passage beneath Porte or Garde ; 
i. e. entitled to another play, and whatever score it 
makes by Enthronement. 

24. A mallet length is always taken from Throne, 
the end of the mallet-handle being placed against the 
opening of the section from whence the ball is taken. 

25. As soon as a player by his own stroke or that 
of an adversary passes Porte after he has Encastled 



CHIVALRIE. 23 

for the last time in left Castle, such ball is dead and 
must be removed from the field. 

26. As long as it remains in its copartment a ball 
Enthroned is safe from an outride attack, and the 
player having such ball deeming it inexpedient to 
venture out because of the proximity of his opponent 
may remain and pass his stroke, in which case, how- 
ever, he does not have another stroke until his turn 
shall have again come, 

27. A player having passed Porte plays to Throne 
or to Right Castle as he may elect, but if after passing 
P he plays for the Throne and misses he has no 
right to again play to the Throne until he shall have 
Encastled or Accosted an opposing balL 

28. A ball Accosted by an opponent and entering 
any copartment of Throne, scores same as if the 
player had made the score himself, and, upon its 
turn to play, takes a mallet length as usual in En- 
thronement. 

29. A player Accosting a ball and then on next 
stroke Enthroning, scores double, but is deprived on 
leaving his position, of at next stroke Accosting*the 
same ball. 

CASTLES. 

SO. A mallet length from any copartment entered 
is always given, 

31. A direct stroke from Castle to Throne or vice 
versa scores double. 

32. A ball Encastled has same privileges as En- 
throned. All rules applying to the Throne govern- 
ing ihe Castles, 



24 OHIYALKIE. 

33. The order of playing the Field is from Sortie 
to Right Castle, if do Enthronement is made. Right 
Castle to Throne and return to Right Castle, thence 
beneath Garde to Upper Castle return beneath Garde 
to Throne, thence to Left Castle, thence to Throne, 
thence to Left Castle when the ball becomes a King 
or Queen, the last Encastlement making it such. 

34. All copartments of Castles are numbered 3, 5, 
3, five being the centre copartment. 

BAST1LE8. 

85. A ball either forced into a Bastile by an enemy 
or inadvertently finding position there, gives a score 
of five to the opposing force for liberation. Or, if the 
side to which the ball thus imprisoned belongs can 
force a ball of the opposing side into the other Bastile, 
an exchange of prisoners can be made, or if a Maid 
of Honor should be so imprisoned and a Knight of 
same side can force an entrance into the same Bastile 
both balls are liberated, and such Knight has an addi- 
tional play. Same rule applies when a Knight is im- 
prisoned, — the Maid of Honor liberating the captive 
Knight. 

KINGS AND QUEENS. 

36. A ball becomes a King or Queen when it has 
passed around the field in the regular order of the 
game and has Encastled twice in the Left Castle. 

37. When a King or Queen passes Porte either by 
its own play or being accosted it is dead. 

38. A King has liberty to accoste consecutively all 
the balls during any one of his turns to play, but must 
not accoste the same ball twice in one turn. 







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